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  • Passive voice rule

    The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action.
    • The Passive is formed: Passive Subject + To Be + Past ParticpleThe house was built in 1989.
    • It is often used in business when the object of the action is more important than those who perform the action. For Example:
      We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years. Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.
    • If the agent is important (the person, company or thing that does the action) , use "by" For Example: Tim Wilson wrote "The Flight to Brunnswick" in 1987. Changes to:"The Flight to Brunnswick" was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.
    • Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice.

    Passive Voice Structure

    Active Passive Time Reference
    They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Present Simple
    Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan Present Continuous
    James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". "Dubliners" was written by James Joyces. Past Simple
    They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. Past Continuous
    They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. Present Perfect
    They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland. Future Intention with Going to
    I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. Future Simple

    modals: lesson

    Some modal verbs can be used to express probability in the present and past.
    Must / can't - to express probability
    Structure: modal + infinitive without to
    must be, must have, can't go, etc.

    We use must to express that we feel sure that something is true.
    They are really good, they must win.
    They must be very rich. Look at the house.

    We use can't to say we are sure that something is impossible.
    She can't be ill. I've just seen her in the shop and she looked fine.
    It can't be true. I don't believe it.


    May / might / could - to express probability
    Structure: modal + infinitive without to
    may be, might do, could go, etc.

    We use may or could or might to say that it is possible that something will happen or is happening.
    They may be arriving tomorrow.
    He might be away on holiday.
    He could be away on holiday.
    He might be offered the job.

    The negative of may is may not.
    The negative of
    might is might not.

    They both mean that it is possible that something will not happen or is not happening.

    We DO NOT use could not to express probability.
    He might not be offered the job.
    I may not pass the exam.
    I might not go to the match tomorrow.

    giving advice

    Asking for Advice

    What do you think I should do?
    What do you suggest?
    What would you do (in this situation)?

    Giving Advice

    I think you should get a lawyer.
    Maybe you should try someplace else.
    Why don't you call the company?
    If I were you, I would tell her.

    used to vs. present

    Habits

    used to; would; be/get used to

    Used to (affirmative form)

    • We use used to + infinitive to talk about past habits which are now finished.
    Robert used to play football when he was younger, but he stopped playing 20 years ago.                                            
    Robert played football regularly in the past, but he does not play now.
             More examples: Kate used to go to the cinema a lot, but she doesn't now.
    When I was a child I used to suck my thumb.
    • We also use used to for past states and situations which are no longer true.
    e.g. Robert used to be a very slim when he was younger.
    I used to live in London, but I moved in 1980.

    Used to (negative form)

    • the negative of used to is normally didn't use to (=did not use to)
    e.g. I didn't use to live in London. You didn't use to like classical music.

    Used to (question form)

    • We normally form questions with did...use to...?
    e.g. Where did you use to live? Did you use to like classical music?

    Now you can click here to do the exercise.

    Would

    • We use would with the same meaning to talk about the past.
    e.g. When I was a child my father would sometimes take me fishing.
    My grandmother was very absent-minded. She would often buy something and then leave the shop without it.
     

    Used to and Would

    • When we talk about past habits, we can use used to or would
    e.g. When we were children, we used to/would play Cowboys and Indians together.
    • When we talk about past states, we can use used to, but NOT would. Would is used only for regularly repeated actions. Used to is used to express a situation existed in the past.
    e.g. My grandfather used to be a policeman. (NOT: My grandfather would be)
    My husband used to have a moustache, but he shaved it off. (NOT: My husband would have)
    I used to live in California. I used to have a Volkswagen. (Would cannot be used in these sentences.)

    Now you can click here to do the exercise.

    Used to vs be/get used to

    • We use used to + infinitive to express a habit, activity, or situation that existed in the past but which no longer exists.
    • We use be used to +  Ving to mean 'be accustomed to'.
    • In the expression get used to, get means 'become'.
    e.g. I used to drive a Mercedes, but now I drive Citroen. I am used to driving my new car, but I found it very strange at first.
    Mary moved to St. Petersburg last winter. Now she is used to living in cold weather. 
    Though it has been two weeks, I haven't got used to wearing glasses yet.

    Now you can click here to do the exercise.

    making complaints

    There are a number of formulas used when complaining in English. It's important to remember that a direct complaint or criticism in English can sound rude or aggressive. It's best to mention a problem in an indirect manner. Here are some of the most common:
    • I'm sorry to have to say this but...
    • I'm sorry to bother you, but...
    • Maybe you forgot to...
    • I think you might have forgotten to...
    • Excuse me if I'm out of line, but...
    • There may have been a misunderstanding about...
    • Don't get me wrong, but I think we should...
    After you study these constructions, take the making complaints quiz to check your understanding.

    More English Functions
    Disagreeing
    Contrasting Ideas

    Making Complaints

    Asking for Information

    Giving Advice

    Guessing

    Being Imprecise or Vague

    Saying 'No' Nicely

    Showing Preferences

    Making Suggestions

    Offering Help

    Giving Warning

    Demanding Explanations


    Construction

    Formula Example Finish
    I'm sorry to have to say this but I think we need to take another approach.
    I'm sorry to bother you, but I think you need to refine this layout.
    Maybe you forgot to include his name and number.
    I think you might have forgotten to finish the report on time.
    Excuse me if I'm out of line, but your work has not been adequate lately.
    There may have been a misunderstanding about what I expected from you.
    Don't get me wrong, but I think we should concentrate on the Smith account for the moment.

    Articles

    I am from Seattle, Washington. Seattle is a city in the United States. It is near the border of Canada in the northwest corner of the USA. I live in a town called Olympia which is on the Puget Sound. I live in a house in a street in the countryside. The street is called "Bear Street" and the house is old - more than 100 years old! I am an English teacher at a school in the center of the town. I like books and taking photographs. I usually have lunch at school. I usually go home by car. We have all kinds of food in Olympia. I like Italian food very much. Sometimes, I go to an Italian restaurant in Seattle. The restaurant is called "Luigi's". Italian food is great!
    Here are the rules for when to use "A, An or The":
    • a = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with consonants
      She has a dog.
      I work in a factory.
    • an = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with vowels (a,e,i,o,u)
      Can I have an apple?
      She is an English teacher.
    • the = definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know)
      The car over there is fast.
      The teacher is very good, isn't he?
    • The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next time you repeat that object use "the".
      I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms.
      I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good.
    • DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The United States".
      He lives in Washington near Mount Rainier.
      They live in northern British Columbia.
    • Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas -
      My country borders on the Pacific Ocean
    • DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in general
      I like Russian tea.
      She likes reading books.
    • DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals, places, and transport
      He has breakfast at home.
      I go to university.
      He comes to work by taxi.

    irregular past tense

    Verbes irréguliers anglais



    Verbes irréguliers anglais

    lien pour la leçon  ici

    لمشاهدة الدرس بكامله : هنا

    Les 35 verbes irréguliers en rouge foncé ont une forme régulière aussi.


    Un astérisque (*) signifie un verbe irrégulier assez rare.


    Il y a aussi des exercices sur les verbes irréguliers, voir l'index des exercices.

    InfinitifPrétéritParticipe PasséTraduction et notes
    1.*abideabodeabodedemeurer
    2.awakeawokeawoken(se) réveiller, aussi awake/awoke/awoke
    3.bewas/werebeenêtre
    4.bearboreborneporter/supporter/soutenir
    5.beatbeatbeatenbattre
    6.becomebecamebecomedevenir
    7.*begetbegatbegottenengendrer, aussi beget/begot/begotten
    8.beginbeganbeguncommencer
    9.bendbentbentse courber, etc.
    10.*bereavebereftbereftdéposséder/priver
    11.*beseechbesoughtbesoughtsupplier
    12.betbetbetparier
    13.bidbadebiddenordonner, etc., bid/bade/bidden ou bade ou bid
    14.bindboundboundlier
    15.bitebitbittenmordre
    16.bleedbledbledsaigner
    17.blowblewblownsouffler
    18.breakbrokebrokencasser
    19.breedbredbredélever
    20.bringbroughtbroughtapporter
    21.buildbuiltbuiltconstruire
    22.burnburntburntbrûler
    23.burstburstburstéclater
    24.buyboughtboughtacheter
    25.castcastcastjeter, etc.
    26.catchcaughtcaughtattraper
    27.*chidechidchiddengronder/réprimander, aussi chide/chid/chid
    28.choosechosechosenchoisir
    29.*cleavecleftcleftfendre/coller, aussi cleave/clove/clove
    30.clingclungclungse cramponner
    31.comecamecomevenir
    32.costcostcostcoûter
    33.creepcreptcreptramper/se glisser/se hérisser
    34.crowcrewcrowedchanter (un coq)/jubiler
    35.cutcutcutcouper
    36.dealdealtdealtdistribuer/traiter
    37.digdugdugbêcher
    38.dodiddonefaire
    39.drawdrewdrawntirer/dessiner
    40.dreamdreamtdreamtrêver
    41.drinkdrankdrunkboire
    42.drivedrovedrivenconduire
    43.dwelldweltdwelthabiter/rester
    44.eatateeatenmanger
    45.fallfellfallentomber
    46.feedfedfednourrir
    47.feelfeltfelt(se) sentir
    48.fightfoughtfoughtcombattre
    49.findfoundfoundtrouver
    50.fleefledfledfuir
    51.flingflungflungjeter
    52.flyflewflownvoler
    53.forbidforbadeforbiddeninterdire
    54.forgetforgotforgottenoublier
    55.forgiveforgaveforgivenpardonner
    56.*forsakeforsookforsakenabandonner
    57.freezefrozefrozengeler
    58.getgotgotobtenir
    59.*girdgirtgirtceindre
    60.givegavegivendonner
    61.gowentgonealler
    62.grindgroundgroundbroyer/moudre
    63.growgrewgrowncultiver/pousser/grandir
    64.hanghunghungpendre, régulier si c'est une forme d'exécution
    65.havehadhadavoir
    66.hearheardheardentendre
    67.heavehovehovelever, etc.
    68.*hewhewedhewncouper/tailler
    69.hidehidhidden(se) cacher, ou hide/hid/hid
    70.hithithitfrapper
    71.holdheldheldtenir
    72.hurthurthurtnuire
    73.keepkeptkeptgarder
    74.kneelkneltknelts'agenouiller
    75.knitknitknittricoter
    76.knowknewknownsavoir/connaître
    77.laylaidlaidétendre/coucher, etc.
    78.leadledledmener
    79.leanleantleantpencher
    80.leapleaptleaptsauter/bondir
    81.learnlearntlearntapprendre
    82.leaveleftleftquitter/laisser
    83.lendlentlentprêter
    84.letletletlaisser/louer
    85.lielaylainreposer/être couché, régulier lorsqu'il signifie 'mentir'
    86.lightlitlitallumer
    87.loselostlostperdre
    88.makemademadefaire
    89.meanmeantmeantvouloir dire/signifier
    90.meetmetmetrencontrer
    91.mowmowedmownfaucher/tondre
    92.paypaidpaidpayer
    93.proveprovedprovenprouver, régulier d'ordinaire
    94.putputputmettre
    95.quitquitquitquitter/abandonner
    96.readreadreadlire
    97.*rendrentrentdéchirer
    98.ridridriddense débarrasser, aussi rid/ridded/rid
    99.rideroderiddenmonter (cheval, etc.)
    100.ringrangrungsonner/résonner
    101.riseroserisense lever
    102.runranruncourir
    103.sawsawedsawnscier
    104.saysaidsaiddire
    105.seesawseenvoir
    106.seeksoughtsoughtchercher
    107.sellsoldsoldvendre
    108.sendsentsentenvoyer
    109.setsetsetmettre, etc.
    110.sewsewedsewncoudre
    111.shakeshookshakensecouer
    112.shearshearedshorntondre
    113.shedshedshedperdre (feuilles)/laisser tomber (larmes/sang), etc.
    114.shineshoneshonebriller
    115.shoeshodshodchausser
    116.shootshotshottirer/tuer par balle/filmer, etc.
    117.showshowedshownmontrer
    118.shrinkshrankshrunk(se) contracter/(se) rétrécir, aussi shrink/shrunk/shrunk
    119.*shriveshroveshrivenabsoudre
    120.shutshutshutfermer
    121.singsangsungchanter
    122.sinksanksunkenfoncer/couler, etc., aussi sink/sunk/sunk
    123.sitsatsats'asseoir, etc.
    124.slayslewslaintuer
    125.sleepsleptsleptdormir
    126.slideslidslidglisser
    127.slingslungslunglancer
    128.slinkslunkslunkaller furtivement
    129.slitslitslit(se) fendre
    130.smellsmeltsmeltsentir/flairer
    131.*smitesmotesmittenfrapper/vaincre
    132.sowsowedsownsemer
    133.speakspokespokenparler
    134.speedspedspedse presser
    135.spellspeltspeltépeler/orthographier
    136.spendspentspentdépenser
    137.spillspiltspilt(se) renverser/(se) répandre
    138.spinspanspunfaire tourner/filer, aussi spin/spun/spun
    139.spitspatspatcracher, aussi spit/spit/spit
    140.splitsplitsplit(se) fendre
    141.spoilspoiltspoiltabîmer/gâter, etc.
    142.spreadspreadspreadétendre
    143.springsprangsprungbondir, aussi spring/sprung/sprung
    144.standstoodstoodêtre debout
    145.*stavestovestovedéfoncer/crever
    146.stealstolestolenvoler
    147.stickstuckstuckcoller
    148.stingstungstungpiquer/brûler
    149.stinkstankstunkpuer, aussi stink/stunk/stunk
    150.*strewstrewstrewnsemer/joncher
    151.stridestrodestriddenmarcher à grands pas, aussi stride/strode/strode
    152.strikestruckstruckfrapper/se mettre en grève
    153.stringstrungstrungficeler, etc.
    154.strivestrovestrivens'efforcer
    155.swearsworeswornjurer
    156.sweepsweptsweptbalayer
    157.swellswelledswollengonfler
    158.swimswamswumnager
    159.swingswungswungbalancer
    160.taketooktakenprendre
    161.teachtaughttaughtenseigner
    162.teartoretorndéchirer
    163.telltoldtoldraconter
    164.thinkthoughtthoughtpenser
    165.thrivethrovethrivenprospérer
    166.throwthrewthrownjeter
    167.thrustthrustthrustpousser
    168.treadtrodtroddenpiétiner/fouler/marcher
    169.understandunderstoodunderstoodcomprendre
    170.wakewokewoken(se) réveiller/(se) ranimer, aussi wake/woke/woke; régulier s'il s'agit d'un rite funéraire
    171.wearworewornporter/user
    172.weavewovewoventisser/tresser/tituber
    173.wedwedwedépouser/marier
    174.weepweptweptpleurer
    175.wetwetwetmouiller
    176.winwonwongagner
    177.windwoundwoundremonter, etc.
    178.wringwrungwrungtordre
    179.writewrotewrittenécrire




    Nota : les verbes beset (entourer de, assaillir) et upset (boulverser, [se] renverser, déranger) sont comme le verbe set.
    Aux Etats-Unis, le verbe to sneak (se glisser furtivement, etc.) peut être irrégulier : to sneak, snuck, snuck.

    expressing opinions / agreeing and disagreeing


    Expressing Opinions

    1. Expressing Opinions: These terms are used to introduce an
    2. opinion, either for or against: I think…… I feel…….. I believe……. As I see it…….. In my opinion……. As far as I'm concerned…… My point of view is that……. In my view…….. It seems to me that…….. I figure that……. From my point of view…….
    3. Agreeing with an Opinion:
    4. My view about this is positive. I agree with this idea. I agree completely with this idea. I agree partially with this idea. This idea is absolutely right. This idea is partially right. I couldn't agree more on this. I think this idea is good.
    5. Disagreeing with an Opinion:
    I think this idea is impossible/impractical/bad.
    I think this idea is possible, but……
    I think this idea cannot be implemented.
    I don't agree with this idea.
    I think it is a bad idea.
    I'm not sure that I agree with this idea.
    The project is feasible, but…….
    (The Division of English for Science and Technology,
    Chulalongkorn University Language Institute)

    امتحانات وفروض مع التصحيح

    : المستوى السنة الثالثة الثانوي الاعدادي
    إمتحانات وفروض
     
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     ثانوية احمد الحنصالي الإعدادية - أزيلال - فرض1/ الدورة الأولى    ثانوية احمد الحنصالي الإعدادية - أزيلال - فرض منزلي2 / الدورة الأولى  
     ثانوية احمد الحنصالي الإعدادية - أزيلال - فرض3/ الدورة الأولى    ثانوية احمد الحنصالي الإعدادية - أزيلال - فرض2/ الدورة الأولى  
     ثانوية احمد الحنصالي الإعدادية - أزيلال - نموذج امتحان موحد/ الدورة الأولى    ثانوية احمد الحنصالي الإعدادية - أزيلال - فرض4/ الدورة الأولى  
         الإمتحان الجهوي الموحد لنيل شهادة السلك الإعدادي -جهة سوس ماسة درعة/دورة يونيو  
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     الاجتماعيات:الجغرافيا
     
     الأكاديمية الجهوية للتربية والتكوين جهة كلميم السمارة    الأكاديمية الجهوية للتربية والتكوين لجهة الدار البيضاء الكبري  
     الأكاديمية الجهوية للتربية والتكوين لجهة دكالة عبدة    الأكاديمية الجهوية للتربية والتكوين لجهة طنجة - تطوان  
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     علوم الحياة والارض
     
     حل فرض 1- في علوم الحياة و الأرض    فرض 1- في علوم الحياة و الأرض  
     حل فرض 2- في علوم الحياة و الأرض    فرض 2- في علوم الحياة و الأرض  
         فرض 3- في علوم الحياة و الأرض  
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     الفيزياء و الكيمياء
     
     الثانوية الإعدادية الحسن الأول - بوفوس - يناير 2007    الثانوية الإعدادية بئر أنزران - الريصاني : دورة يناير 2007  
     2007 الثانوية الإعدادية مولاي يوسف - مكناس المنزه - يناير    الثانوية الإعدادية أبو بكر الصديق - تابوعصامت - يناير 2007  
     الثانوية الإعدادية بئر أنزران - الريصاني : دورة يناير 2008    - الثانوية الإعدادية الفهرية - بركان يناير 2004  
     ثانوية العقاد الاعدادية 2005 - 2006 - فرض 2    ثانوية العقاد الاعدادية 2005 - 2006 فرض 1  
         ثانوية العقاد الاعدادية 2005 - 2006 - فرض 3  
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     الفرنسية
     
     Examen Régional Normalisé- Souss Massa Draa juin 2007    EXAMEN NORMALISE LOCAL SESSION JANVIER 2005  
         الإمتحان الجهوي الموحد لنيل شهادة السلك الإعدادي - دورة يونيو 2007  
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